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Figure 4.1
The chain of infection: a useful tool for seeing how to prevent transmission.
Figure 4.5
Results from the national Point Prevalence Survey in ESPAUR, 2016. Source: Data from English Surveillance Programme for Antimicrobial Utilisation an...
Figure 4.9
Clinical handwash basin.
Figure 4.11
(1) Rub hands palm to palm. (2) Rub the back of each hand with the palm of the other hand with fingers interlaced. (3) Rub palm to palm with fingers i...
Figure 4.15
Remove gloves from the box.
Figure 4.19
Dispose of used gloves in an appropriate clinical waste bag (tiger stripe if non‐hazardous and non‐infectious).
Figure 4.23
Place the mask over your nose, mouth and chin.
Figure 4.27
Application and removal of protective eye goggles.
Figure 4.31
Put one hand into the corresponding sleeve and use the other hand to pull the gown towards you. Your hand should not go beyond the cuff.
Figure 4.35
Open the inner glove packet onto the sterile open gown package so that the glove fingers point towards you.
Figure 4.39
Repeat the process with the other glove.
Figure 4.43
Open the packet containing the gloves onto a clean surface and open out the inside packaging so that the fingers of the gloves point away from you.
Figure 4.47
Slide the fingertips of your gloved hand beneath the folded cuff of the second glove.
Figure 4.53
Cleaning with a S‐shaped motion. Source : © Gama Healthcare.
Figure 4.2
(a) Gram‐positive and (b) gram‐negative bacterial cell walls.
Source : Adapted from Elliot et al. ( ) with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
Figure 4.6
E. coli bacteraemia rates in England, 2015/2016.
Source : NHS Improvement ( ). © Crown copyright.
Figure 4.10
Correct position to wash hands.
Figure 4.12
Alcohol‐based handrub hand hygiene technique for visibly clean hands. After applying a palmful of the product in a cupped hand: (1) rub hands palm to ...
Figure 4.16
Holding the cuff of the glove, pull it into position.
Figure 4.20
Place the neck loop of the apron over your head.
Figure 4.24
Secure the mask at the back of your head with ties.
Figure 4.28
Open the gown pack with clean hands onto a clean surface. Do not touch the inner packet until after the surgical scrub.
Figure 4.32
Put the other hand into the other sleeve. Again, your hand should not go beyond the cuff.
Figure 4.36
Slide the thumb of one hand (still inside the sleeve) under the folded‐over cuff of the corresponding glove.
Figure 4.40
Adjust the fit when both gloves are on.
Figure 4.44
Hold the cuff of the first glove with the opposite hand and slide the fingertips of the other hand (the one that the glove is to go on) into the openi...
Figure 4.48
Slide the fingertips of your ungloved hand into the opening of the second glove.
Figure 4.3
Bacterial structures.
Figure 4.7
Taylor's work in 1978 showed the areas most commonly missed following hand washing – in particular, the thumbs, especially on the dominant hand and in...
Figure 4.51
Avoiding contamination by avoiding contact with the key elements.
Source : Reproduced with permission of ICU Medical, Inc.
Figure 4.13
Surgical hand antisepsis. Source : Adapted from AfPP ( ) with permission of the Association for Perioperative Practice.
Figure 4.17
Remove the first glove by firmly holding the outside of the glove's wrist, then pull off the glove in such a way as to turn it inside out.
Figure 4.21
Tie the ties together behind your back, positioning the apron so that as much of the front of your body is protected as possible.
Figure 4.25
After use, remove the mask by untying or breaking the ties and pulling them forward.
Figure 4.29
Open the inner layer of the pack.
Figure 4.33
The assistant opens a pair of sterile gloves and presents the inner packaging for you to take.
Figure 4.37
Push your hand through the cuff and into the glove.
Figure 4.41
At the end of the procedure, remove the gown and gloves as a single unit by pulling the gown away from you.
Figure 4.45
Keep hold of the folded edge and pull the glove onto your hand.
Figure 4.49
Pull the glove onto your hand, again spreading your fingers slightly to help them enter the fingers of the glove.
Figure 4.4
The viral life cycle. RNA, ribonucleic acid.
Source : Adapted from Perry ( ) with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
Figure 4.8
‘My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene’.
Source : Reproduced from Sax et al. ( ) with permission of Elsevier.
Figure 4.52
A correctly fitted FFP3 mask may be required for aerosol‐generating procedures on patients with infections such as tuberculosis or influenza.
Figure 4.14
Surgical hand preparation technique with an alcohol‐based handrub formulation. Source: WHO ( ). Source : Reproduced from WHO ( ) with permission of ...
Figure 4.18
Remove the second glove by slipping the thumb of the ungloved hand inside the wrist of the glove and pulling it off while turning it inside out.
Figure 4.22
Remove the apron by breaking the neck loop and ties.
Figure 4.26
Do not touch the front of the mask.
Figure 4.30
Lift up the gown by its inner surface and hold it away from the body.
Figure 4.34
Take the gloves, keeping your hands inside your sleeves.
Figure 4.38
Pull the glove into position using the other hand (still inside its sleeve).
Figure 4.42
Turn the gown and gloves inside out.
Figure 4.46
Spread your fingers slightly to help them enter the fingers of the glove.
Figure 4.50
When both gloves are on, adjust the fit.
